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Gordian II
Gordian II ((ラテン語:Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Augustus);〔In Classical Latin, Gordian's name would be inscribed as MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS ROMANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS.〕 c. 192 – April 12, 238), was Roman Emperor for one month with his father Gordian I in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. Seeking to overthrow the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, he died in battle outside of Carthage.
==Early life==
Born c. 192, Gordian II was the only known son of Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus the Elder. His family were of Equestrian rank, who were modest and very wealthy.〔Canduci, pg. 63〕 Gordian was said to be related to prominent senators.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 His praenomen and nomen ''Marcus Antonius'' suggest that his paternal ancestors received Roman citizenship under the Triumvir Mark Antony, or one of his daughters, during the late Roman Republic.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 Gordian’s cognomen ‘Gordianus’ suggests that his family origins were from Anatolia, especially Galatia and Cappadocia.〔Peuch, Bernadette, "Orateurs et sophistes grecs dans les inscriptions d'époque impériale", (2002), pg. 128〕
According to the notoriously unreliable Historia Augusta, his mother was a Roman woman called Fabia Orestilla,〔 born circa 165, who the Augustan History claims was a descendant of Roman Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius through her father Fulvus Antoninus.〔 Modern historians have dismissed this name and her information as false.〔Syme, pp.100-101〕 There is some evidence to suggest that Gordian's mother may have been the granddaughter of Greek Sophist, consul and tutor Herodes Atticus.〔Meckler, ''Gordian II''〕 His younger sister was Antonia Gordiana, who was the mother of Emperor Gordian III.
Although the memory of the Gordians would have been cherished by the Senate and thus appear sympathetic in any Senatorial documentation of the period, the only account of Gordian's early career that has survived is contained within the Historia Augusta, and it cannot be taken as an accurate or reliable description of his life story prior to his elevation to the purple in 238.〔Syme, pp. 1-16〕 According to this source, Gordian served as quaestor in Elagabalus' reign〔Historia Augusta, ''The Three Gordians'', 18:4〕 and as praetor and consul suffect with Emperor Alexander Severus.〔Historia Augusta, ''The Three Gordians'', 18:5〕〔Birley, pg. 341. An inscription confirming this fact has been found at Caesarea in Palestine.〕 In 237, Gordian went to the Africa Proconsularis as a legatus under his father's command as a proconsular governor.〔Canduci, pg. 63〕
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